Hanadee Abu-Zayed
Melissa Dempsey

English 1200, Sec 070

Project II

8 April 2013

Annotated Bibliography

Baker, Rosie. "Advertisers refute 'beauty industry perpetuates low self-esteem' claim." MarketingWeek.
Centaur Communications Ltd, 31 Jan. 2012. Web. 6 Apr. 2013.
<http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/disciplines/advertising/advertisers-refute-beauty-industry-
perpetuates-low-self-esteem-claim/3033683.article>.

            "Advertisers refute 'beauty industry perpetuates low self-esteem' claim” was a great blog post on MarketingWeek because it gave me an insight on the advertisers side of the argument and what they believed on the issue of photo shopping photos. Louise Terry and Elizabeth Fagan, both directors of different companies, were featured in this blog, expressing how they believe their advertisements are inspirational and motivating. They do not have the intentions of causing a woman to go through depression or gain an eating disorder but want to make people feel good with the products they are advertising. I chose this source over the other sources because this blog goes well with my rebuttal of "Advertisements Manipulating Images and Our Minds", and with the use of the information Rosie Baker has given me, I am able to support the belief that advertisers inspire us to become better versions of ourselves that is achievable and give us a desire to try out the products being advertised that will make us feel and look great! Rosie Baker has supported her thesis that advertisers rejected the claim that their companies lower the self-esteem of woman by having a one on one interview with the directors. Rosie Baker is the deputy news editor of MarketingWeek, so the information she has given can be trusted.

Jenny Drezin, and Laney Megan. "Strategic Communications to End Violence against Women." Making A Difference (2003): 1-49. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://saynotoviolence.org/sites/default/files/MakingADifference_eng.pdf>.

          I used the journal article, “Making a Difference: Strategic Communications To End Violence Against Women” by Jenny Drezin and Megan Laney for my blog post that is a rebuttal for “Blood, Bruises, and Broken Bones in Advertisements.” This article made me look at sexualized violent advertisements in a different way. I look at it as a “mass media industry uniquely positioned to wield its influence and inspire actions that help eliminate violence against women.” Why would advertisers attempt to promote violence against women in the first place? Advertisers attempt to raise awareness about gender violence, where these advertisements could reflect how gender-based violence occurs in real life. With the use of the information I am able to use to support my thesis on how glamorized violence in magazines is not the cause of violence. Drezin and Laney are both individuals who are work for UNIFEM, a women's fund at the United Nations, dedicated to advancing women’s rights and achieving gender equality. UNIFEM has made differences all around the world for different women and girls and that is why I believe this source is credible and is trustworthy. The motive for this post is to “end violence against women, changing harmful and discriminatory practices in society” (UNIFEM.org).

Killing Us Softy 4: Advertising’s Image of Women. Prod. Jhally Sut. Narr. Kilbourne Jean. 2010. Media Education Foundation, 2010. Documentary. From the Killing Us Softy 4 documentary, I learned how women have been affected from media advertisements from an early age, where they strive for perfection that cannot be achieved. Jean Kilbourne taught me that advertisements show absolute flawlessness, which is the cause for ordinary women to have lowered self-esteem and an unrealistic ideal of female beauty leading to disorders and depression. I chose this source over any other source because this documentary showed me examples of ads that had absolutely no imperfections, celebrities who came out and were angered by their own bodies being altered, an actual advertisement that used four bodies to create one and evidence of women who have gained an eating disorder due to the pressure from the media. This video supported my thesis that commercial advertisements causes pressure for women to strive for unrealistic beauty, corrupting the minds of women and causing unhealthy habits. Jean Kilbourne is a well-known speaker who has been recognized for her outstanding work on the image of women in advertising. She has won more than 25 awards and has been very successful over the years, which is why I chose this source over others I found. 

Sauers, Jenna. "Violence Against Women Disguised As Fashion." Jezebel. Gawker Media, 11 June 2012. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://jezebel.com/5916650/fashions-ongoing-violence-against-women/>. This blog written by Jenna Sauers shows many examples of violence being sexualized in advertisements.  I found ads that portrayed gang rape, murder of women, domestic violence and women in sexually compromising positions from the worlds most popular companies such as Dolce & Cabbana, Calvin Klein, American Apparel, Burger King and more. I gained knowledge on how advertisements lead to violence and the first step is to see women first as an object where men will then believe that they are superior, believing she is not equal and having power over her. This makes abuse extremely easy and proves my thesis that advertisements promote and are the cause of violence. Most of the sources I found on this topic were bloggers and from them all I felt like Jenna Sauers made the best points going back from the beginning of the fashion world, where designers have had a "fascination with bloodied, bruised, or dead models, whom they often depicted in sexualized positions." She shows where this glamorized violence started and where it stands today. She studied at the University of Iowa, did a couple internships in magazines and publishing as a student and contributes to New York Times, the Village Voice, the New York Observer, Bookforum, Jalouse, and Surface Asia, in addition to blogging for Jezebel. She is well-known writer and blogger and I thought from all of the blogs I read from, she had the most experience with advertising therefore having more knowledge on violence in ads. 

Szymanski, Dawn, Lauren Moffitt, and Erika Carr. "Sexual Objectification of Women: Advances to Theory and Research." The Counseling Psychologist 39.1 (2011): 6-38. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://www.feminish.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/sexual-objectification.pdf>. In the journal article, “Sexual Objectification of Women: Advances to Theory and Research” by Dawn M. Szymanski, Lauren B. Moffitt and Erika R. Carr, evidence is shown on how women are sexualized as objects in the Hollywood media, specifically in commercials. This journal article motive is to help others understand what sexual objectification is, the psychological consequences of sexual objectification in commercials and gave evidence of sexual objectification in media advertisements such as beer commercials. These beer commercials showed a woman "wearing revealing and provocative clothing, portrayed in way that emphasized body parts and sexual readiness." Dawn M. Szymanski (PhD) is an assistant professor in the APA-accredited counseling psychology doctoral program at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville and Lauren Moffit (BA) and Erika Carr (MA) are doctoral candidates in the APA-accredited counseling program at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. They all have interests in multicultural-feminist issues, the impact of external and internal, oppression on psychosocial health, and multicultural-feminist theory. I think they are knowledgeable about this topic and can be trusted by the amount of research and study they have done. I chose this source over the others I found because this article made several points and persuaded me into believing that sexual objectification exists in media advertisements and has changed the way America portrays women. Studies occurred proved that women are primarily viewed as physical objects of male sexual desire, which supported my thesis that women are focused solely on their appearance and are viewed as sexual objects in media advertisements. 

Zimmerman, Amanda, and John Dalhberg. "The Sexual Objectification of Women in Advertising: A Contemporary Cultural Perspective." Journal Of Advertising Research 48.1 (2008): 71-79. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. <http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/10594/8_-_sexual_objectification_of_women.pdf>. I found this journal article extremely helpful because it is unbiased and explains why some women are completely against sexual objectification in commercials and why some believe it gives women advantages, where they do not find it offensive. This helped me with my original blog post as well as my rebuttal. The authors of this article are Amanda Zimmerman and John Dahlberg. Amanda Zimmerman is a graduate student in the School of Education at Canisius College and John Dahlberg is an associate professor in the Communication Studies Department at Canisius College. They both research in areas such as social effects of advertising, the role of women in advertising, media effects on society and education, advertising and emerging technologies and creative process. Dahlberg was an advertising writer and creative director and his work has been published in Communication Research Reports and the International Digital Media and Arts Journal. I feel like they are both very experienced with this topic and have done many studies, finding a lot of relevant and interesting results. I believe they are very knowledgeable about this topic, which makes this source trustworthy. I think the motive of this journal article is to show both sides to sexual objectification- the benefits and the negatives.

Fabello, Melissa. "Video Blog: Eating Disorder and the Media." Miss Representation.org. Miss Representation, 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://www.missrepresentation.org/media/video-blog-eating-disorders-and-the-media/>.

Miss Representation. Prod. Jennifer Siebal. 2011. Youtube, 2011. Documentary.

Thirsty For Beer. Prod. Press Jesse. 2010. Youtube, 2010. Commercial.